PROGRAM CONTENT:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Carbon-Carbon Single Bond Formation Processes<\/p>\n
Alkylation of Carbon Nucleophiles: Enolates and Enamines.<\/p>\n
Formation and importance of the enolate ion; alkylation of aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides and nitriles;<\/p>\n
alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.<\/p>\n
Enamines and Imines: preparation, enamines as Michael’s reagent. Carboxylation of carbocations.<\/p>\n
Condensation reactions: Aldol Condensation; Robinson annulation, Claisen-Schmidt,<\/p>\n
Knoevenagel, Mannich and Reformatsky.<\/p>\n
Synthetic applications of organometallics: Organolithium, Organocuprates and Organomagnesiums-<\/p>\n
Grignard reagent. Other processes.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Formation Processes<\/p>\n
Beta-elimination reactions. Pyrolytic eliminations. Oxidative decarboxylation of acids<\/p>\n
carboxylics; decarboxylation of beta-lactones. Wittig and related reactions. Synthesis of<\/p>\n
tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes. Fragmentation reactions. Rearrangements: Claisen, Sulfoxides. Others<\/p>\n
processes.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
3. Cycloaddition Reactions<\/p>\n
Diels-Alder reaction: general process, diene and dienophile.<\/p>\n
Intramolecular Diels-Alder and retro-Diels-Alder reactions. Stereochemistry, regiochemistry and Diels-Alder<\/p>\n
Asymmetrical. 1,3-dipolar reactions.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
4. Reduction<\/p>\n
Catalytic hydrogenation: catalysts; reduction selectivity; reduction of functional groups;<\/p>\n
stereochemistry and mechanism; homogeneous hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis. Reduction by metals in<\/p>\n
solution: metals in an acidic medium; reduction of carbonyl substances, metals in alcoholic media;<\/p>\n
metal in liquid ammonia. (Birch reduction). Reduction with hydride transfer reagents:<\/p>\n
lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride; aluminum alkoxides, diisobutyl hydrides<\/p>\n
aluminum; sodium cyanoborohydride and trialkylborohydride. Reduction with boranes. Other methods:<\/p>\n
Wolff-Kishner, desulfurization of thioketals, reduction with titanium.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
5. Oxidation<\/p>\n
Oxidation of hydrocarbons. Alcohol oxidation: with chromium and manganese compounds. Oxidation<\/p>\n
of carbon-carbon double bonds: diols, epoxides with peracids and perester, epoxidation of<\/p>\n
Sharpless, ozonolysis. Ketone oxidation: formation of \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated ketones, oxidation of<\/p>\n
Bayer-Villiger. Oxidations with nickel peroxides. Oxidations with ruthenium tetroxide. Oxidation<\/p>\n
with selenium dioxide. Oxidation of amines; oxidation of allylic carbon-hydrogen bonds.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
6. Protection Group<\/p>\n
The use of protecting groups in organic synthesis. Alcohol protection group. Group of<\/p>\n
protection for phenol. Protection group for carbonyl substances. Protection group for<\/p>\n
amines and amides. Reagents used for deprotection.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
7. Retrosynthetic Analysis<\/p>\n
Simple disconnection of connections. Synthetic equivalents. Concept of \u201csynthons\u201d. Interconversion<\/p>\n
Functional Group (FGI). Strategy and planning of a synthetic route. Practical examples.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
BIBLIOGRAPHY:<\/strong><\/p>\n1. J. March, \u201cAdvance Organic Chemistry\u201d, 3a. ed., Wiley, New York (1992).<\/p>\n
2. F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, \u201cAdvance Organic Chemistry,\u201d Vol. 1. and 2, 2a. Ed., Plenum Press,<\/p>\n
New York, (1993).<\/p>\n
3. W. Carruthers, \u201cSome Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis\u201d 3a. Ed., Cambridge Press, London<\/p>\n
(1987).<\/p>\n
4. B. Mundy, \u201cConcepts of Organic Synthesis\u201d, Marcel Dekker, New York (1979).<\/p>\n
5. H. O. House, \u201cModern Synthetic Reactions\u201d Benjamin, Menlo Park, Calif. (1972).<\/p>\n
6. J.C. Stowell, \u201cCarbocations in Synthesis,\u201d Wiley, New York (1979)<\/p>\n
7. S. Warren, \u201cOrganic Synthesis: The Disconnections Approach,\u201d Wiley, New York (1983).<\/p>\n
8. M. B. Smith. \u201cOrganic Synthesis\u201d, McGraw Hill, New York (2002).<\/p>\n
9. S. Warren, \u201cWorkbook for Organic Synthesis: The Disconnections Approach,\u201d Wiley, New York<\/p>\n
(1985).<\/p>\n
10. Willis and M. Wills. \u201cOrganic Synthesis\u201d. Oxford Chemistry Primers. Oxford. New York. 1995.<\/p>\n
11. Mil\u00f5s Hudlicky, \u201cReductions in Organic Chemistry\u201d, 2nd. ed, ACS Monograph 188, Washington,<\/p>\n
(1996).<\/p>\n
12. M. Hudlicky, \u201cOxidation in Organic Chemistry\u201d, ACS Monograph 186, Washington, (1996).<\/p>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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