{"id":7945,"date":"2025-04-03T09:53:05","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T12:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cursos.ufrrj.br\/posgraduacao\/ppgq\/?page_id=7945"},"modified":"2025-04-03T09:55:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T12:55:21","slug":"ic-1304-bioorganic-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cursos.ufrrj.br\/posgraduacao\/ppgq\/en\/ic-1304-bioorganic-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"IC-1304 \u2013 Bioorganic Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

4 Credits \u2013 60 theoretical hours<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SUMMARY:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

1. Plant Metabolism<\/p>\n

2. Primary and special metabolism<\/p>\n

3. Construction mechanisms of special metabolites<\/p>\n

4. Special Metabolism. Plant Metabolism Overview: Primary and Special Metabolism<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

PROGRAM CONTENT:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

1. Plant metabolism<\/p>\n

Special (secondary) metabolites. Physiological role of special metabolites. Plant-microorganism interaction.<\/p>\n

Antimicrobial toxins: pre- and post-infection. The cost of chemical defense.<\/p>\n

Plant growth versus development (dominant growth plants and<\/p>\n

dominant differentiation). Overview of primary metabolism and special metabolism.<\/p>\n

2. Primary Metabolic Processes<\/p>\n

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Places of accumulation of special compounds. Primary metabolism:<\/p>\n

Proteins. Enzymes. Coenzymes<\/p>\n

Primary metabolism: pathways for the production of acetyl-CoA, ATP and reducing power.<\/p>\n

Glycolysis. Kreks cycle.<\/p>\n

Electron transport chain. Enzyme complexes and mobile electron transporters.<\/p>\n

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation<\/p>\n

Pentose phosphate pathway. Gluconeogenesis.<\/p>\n

Degradation of fatty acids. Glyoxylate Cycle.<\/p>\n

Photosynthesis. Capture and conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Oxidative photophosphorylation<\/p>\n

Calvin-Benson cycle. Routes C2 and C4.<\/p>\n

Gene manipulation for the production of special metabolites<\/p>\n

Primary and special metabolism relationship.<\/p>\n

3. Construction mechanisms of special metabolites<\/p>\n

Building blocks that form the basis of special metabolites: C2; C5; C6C3; C6C2N; Indole-C2N;<\/p>\n

C4N, C5N;<\/p>\n

Alkylation reactions: Nucleophilic substitution (Formation of S-adenosylmethionine\/SAM; O and Nalkylation using SAM; C-alkylation using SAM; O-alkylation using dimethylallyldiphosphate\/DMAPP)<\/p>\n

Alkylation reactions: Electrophilic addition (Inter and intra molecular additions; Carbocation generation;<\/p>\n

carbocation discharge). Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.<\/p>\n

Aldol and Claisen reactions.<\/p>\n

Schiff Base Formation (Schiff base formation; Schiff base hydrolysis)<\/p>\n

Mannich reaction<\/p>\n

Transamination<\/p>\n

Decarboxylation Reactions (Amino acids; \u03b2-ketoacids; \u03b1-ketoacids)<\/p>\n

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: Dehydrogenases (NAD+ and NADP+; FAD and FMN); Oxidases;<\/p>\n

Oxygenases (mono- and dioxygenases); Amino oxidases (mono and diamino oxidases; Bayer oxidations)<\/p>\n

Villiger<\/p>\n

Phenolic oxidative coupling. Glycosylation reactions: O-glycosylation; Hydrolysis of O-glycosides;<\/p>\n

C-Glycosylation<\/p>\n

4. Special Metabolism.<\/p>\n

Isoprenoid (terpenoid) metabolism: Conversion of mevalonic acid into isopentenylpyrophosphate.<\/p>\n

Main classes of isoprenoids: Monoterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Diterpenes, Tetraterpenes;<\/p>\n

Triterpenes: sterols and phytosterols<\/p>\n

Shikimate-arogenate pathway.<\/p>\n

General metabolism of phenylpropanoids. Phenolic compounds. Flavonoids, Lignins, Lignans,<\/p>\n

Tannins.<\/p>\n

Nitrogen metabolism in plants.<\/p>\n

Synthesis of aromatic amino acids: phenylalanine; tyrosine and tryptophan<\/p>\n

Nitrogen-containing compounds: Non-protein amino acids, Amines<\/p>\n

Cyanogenic Glycosides. Glucosinolates.<\/p>\n

Alkaloids<\/p>\n

Plant Metabolism Overview: Primary and Special Metabolism<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

BIBLIOGRAPHY:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Barreiro, E.J.; Fraga, C.A.M. Medicinal Chemistry. The molecular bases of drug action. Artmed.<\/p>\n

2002. 243p<\/p>\n

Buchanan, B. B.; Gruissem, W.; Jones, R.L. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants. A.S.P.P.<\/p>\n

2000.1366 p.<\/p>\n

Dey, P.M.; Harborne, J.B. Plant Biochemistry. Academic. Press. 1997. 554 p.<\/p>\n

Nelson, D. and Cox, M. Principles of Sarvier Biochemistry. 2002<\/p>\n

Stryer, L. Biochemistry. Guanabara Koogan. 4a. ed. 2003.<\/p>\n

Voet, B., Voet, J. G. Pratt, C. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. ArtMed. 2000<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

4 Credits \u2013 60 theoretical hours SUMMARY: 1. Plant Metabolism 2. Primary and special metabolism 3. 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